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Antenatal — GDM risk, parvovirus, NT, CDH, PPH

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Teaching point

GDM risk reduction = diet + exercise + avoid excess weight gain. Parvovirus B19 (slapped cheek) exposure -> maternal serology, then serial USG for fetal anaemia/hydrops. Increased NT with normal karyotype -> detailed anatomy scan / fetal echo. Antenatal diaphragmatic hernia -> deliver at tertiary centre. Secondary PPH + ragged membranes -> retained products -> evacuate.

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